Research on the morbidity of gynecological diseases and the demand for health knowledge among community general practitioners
社区全科医生对妇科疾病的患病情况及保健知识的需求研究

摘要

目的 对社区妇科疾病患病情况及妇女保健知识需求进行调查，选取2024年妇女展开普查，为社区全科医生制定社区女性健康促进策略提供参考。方法 横断面调查设计，选取陈家镇社区20-70岁女性社区居民800名。征得参与者同意后进行妇科常规疾病检查，记录患病情况；使用调查问卷方式进行面对面调查，整理统计纳入社区女性对保健知识需求情况。结果 纳入800名社区女性中，患病种类排名前三的为阴道炎309例、宫颈炎210例、乳腺疾病148例，分别占比38.63%、26.25%、18.50%，另还包括盆腔炎45例、附件炎42例、卵巢囊肿28例及其他18例，分别占比5.63%、5.25%、3.50%、2.25%。对保健知识需求调查得知，纳入社区女性对疾病预防知识、日常干预措施需求度最高，强烈需求率分别为665（83.13%）、578（72.25%）。妇科知识需求途径调查得知：一对一医生咨询及专题社区卫生服务中心健康讲座，分别为305例（38.13%）、215例（26.88%），另外，权威医疗公众号/短视频210（26.25%）、疾病宣传册70（8.75%）也是妇科知识信息获取的有效途径。结论 纳入社区内女性妇科疾病患病率较高，且对妇科保健知识中疾病预防及日常干预措施的宣传普及存在较强烈的需求，社区全科医生需以需求为导向，根据知识需求途径针对性开展健康知识宣教，以提升女性自我健康管理能力与生活质量。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the morbidity of gynecological diseases in the community and women’s demand for health knowledge, a census of women in 2024 was conducted to provide a reference for community general practitioners in formulating strategies for promoting women's health.
Methods A cross-sectional survey design was used, selecting 800 female community residents aged 20-70 from Chenjia Town. After obtaining participants’ consent, routine gynecological examinations were conducted to record the occurrence of diseases; face-to-face surveys using questionnaires were conducted to collect and analyze women’s demand for health knowledge.
Results Among the 800 included women, the top three diseases were vaginitis (309 cases), cervicitis (210 cases), and breast diseases (148 cases), accounting for 38.63%, 26.25%, and 18.50% respectively. Other conditions included pelvic inflammatory disease (45 cases), adnexitis (42 cases), ovarian cysts (28 cases), and others (18 cases), accounting for 5.63%, 5.25%, 3.50%, and 2.25%, respectively. The survey on health knowledge demand showed that community women had the highest demand for disease prevention knowledge and daily intervention measures, with strong demand rates of 665 (83.13%) and 578 (72.25%) respectively. The survey on channels for gynecological knowledge indicated that one-on-one doctor consultations and special health lectures at the community health service center were used by 305 (38.13%) and 215 (26.88%) women, respectively. Additionally, authoritative medical public accounts/short videos (210 cases, 26.25%) and disease brochures (70 cases, 8.75%) were also effective ways to obtain gynecological information.
Conclusion   The prevalence of gynecological diseases among women in the community is relatively high, and there is a strong demand for promotion of disease prevention and daily intervention measures in gynecological health knowledge. Community general practitioners need to adopt a demand-oriented approach and provide targeted health education through relevant knowledge channels to improve women’s ability for self-health management and quality of life.