Risk factor analysis and control strategies for puncture site infection after interventional surgery for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans
下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入术后发生穿刺部位感染的危险因素分析及控制对策

摘要

目的 分析下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（Arteriosclerosis Obliterans, ASO）患者介入术后发生穿刺部位感染的危险因素，并提出针对性的防控策略，以降低感染发生率，改善患者预后及生活质量。方法 选取2021年5月至2024年5月本院收治的180例ASO患者，根据是否发生穿刺部位感染将患者分为发生组（25例）与非发生组（155例）。比较两组患者的临床资料，进一步通过多因素Logistic回归模型确定独立危险因素。结果 180例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入术患者中，有25例发生穿刺部位感染，发病率13.89%；单因素分析结果显示，吸烟史、糖尿病史、高血压史、高脂血症、纤维蛋白原水平升高、糖化血红蛋白、穿刺长度、穿刺次数与患者发生穿刺部位感染有关（P<0.05）；Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析，结果显示，高血压史、高脂血症、纤维蛋白原水平升高、糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%、穿刺长度≥2cm、穿刺次数≥3次均是ASO患者介入术后发生穿刺部位感染的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入术后发生穿刺部位感染的风险较高，而高血压史、高脂血症、纤维蛋白原水平升高、糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%、穿刺长度≥2cm、穿刺次数≥3次均是ASO患者介入术后发生穿刺部位感染的危险因素，临床应识别穿刺部位感染的危险因素并制订有效的干预措施。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the risk factors of puncture site infection in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) after interventional surgery, and to propose targeted prevention and control strategies so as to reduce the incidence of infection and improve patients’ prognosis and quality of life.
Methods A total of 180 ASO patients admitted to our hospital from May 2021 to May 2024 were enrolled and divided into an infection group (25 cases) and a non-infection group (155 cases) according to the occurrence of puncture site infection. Clinical data were compared between the two groups, and independent risk factors were determined by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.
Results Among the 180 ASO patients undergoing interventional surgery, 25 cases developed puncture site infection, with an incidence rate of 13.89%. Univariate analysis showed that smoking history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, elevated fibrinogen level, glycosylated hemoglobin, puncture length and puncture times were associated with puncture site infection (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension, hyperlipidemia, elevated fibrinogen level, glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7.0%, puncture length ≥2 cm and puncture times ≥3 times were risk factors for puncture site infection in ASO patients after interventional surgery (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The risk of puncture site infection after interventional surgery for lower extremity ASO is relatively high. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, elevated fibrinogen level, glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7.0%, puncture length ≥2 cm and puncture times ≥3 times are all risk factors for puncture site infection. Clinicians should identify these risk factors and formulate effective intervention measures.