A study on the association between molecular detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae drug resistance genes and clinical phenotypes
肺炎支原体耐药基因分子检测与临床表型的关联性研究

摘要

目的 明确肺炎支原体（MP）耐药基因分布特征及其与临床表型的关联。方法 纳入2024年1月-2025年12月我院儿科MPP患者200例，收集临床资料及咽拭子标本，进行肺炎支原体核酸及耐药突变位点检测，结合药敏试验分析耐药性，对比耐药组与敏感组临床表型差异并探究相关性。结果 MP感染阳性率58.72%，特定位点突变为主要类型；耐药组对大环内酯类药物耐药明显，临床症状更重、炎症反应更显著、治疗难度更高，特定位点突变与关键临床指标相关。结论 MP对大环内酯类药物耐药主要与特定基因位点突变相关，耐药基因阳性患者病情更重，基于荧光PCR的分子检测可辅助评估病情、指导治疗。

Abstract

Objective To clarify the distribution characteristics of drug resistance genes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and their association with clinical phenotypes.
Methods A total of 200 pediatric patients with MPP in our hospital from January 2024 to December 2025 were included. Clinical data and throat swab specimens specimens were collected, and MP nucleic acid and drug resistance mutation sites were detected. Drug sensitivity tests were conducted to analyze drug resistance, and the differences in clinical phenotypes between the resistant group and the sensitive group were compared to explore the correlation.
Results Positive rate of MP infection: 58.72%. The mutations at specific sites were the main type. The resistant group showed significantly higher resistance to macrolide drugs, more severe clinical symptoms, more significant inflammatory responses, and higher treatment difficulty. The specific site mutations were related to key clinical indicators.
Conclusion   The drug resistance of MP to macrolide drugs is mainly related to specific gene site mutations. Patients with positive drug resistance genes have more severe conditions. Molecular detection based on fluorescence PCR can assist in evaluating the condition and guiding treatment.