Analysis of the effect of pain care based on IKAP model on the psychological and pain status of patients with multiple myeloma
基于IKAP模式的疼痛护理对多发性骨髓瘤患者心理及疼痛状态的作用分析

摘要

目的 探讨基于IKAP模式的疼痛护理对多发性骨髓瘤患者疼痛程度及心理状态的干预效果。方法选取2024年3月—2025年3月收治的58例多发性骨髓瘤患者，随机分为对照组（29例，常规疼痛护理）与干预组（29例，IKAP模式疼痛护理），干预周期8周。比较两组干预前后疼痛数字评分（NRS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分及护理依从性。结果 干预后，干预组NRS评分（2.35±0.82）分、SAS评分（41.26±5.38）分、SDS评分（40.15±5.12）分均低于对照组（4.68±1.05）分、（52.37±6.45）分、（53.62±6.28）分，护理依从率（93.10%）高于对照组（72.41%），差异均有统计学意义（t=9.876、6.892、8.765，χ²=5.491，P均<0.001）。结论 IKAP模式疼痛护理可有效减轻多发性骨髓瘤患者疼痛程度，改善心理状态，提高护理依从性，值得临床推广。

Abstract

Objective To explore the intervention effect of pain nursing based on the IKAP (Information-Knowledge-Attitude-Practice) model on the pain degree and psychological status of patients with multiple myeloma.
Methods A total of 58 patients with multiple myeloma admitted from March 2024 to March 2025 were randomly divided into a control group (29 cases, routine pain nursing) and an intervention group (29 cases, pain nursing based on IKAP model), with an intervention cycle of 8 weeks. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score and nursing compliance were compared between the two groups before and after intervention.
Results After intervention, the NRS score (2.35±0.82), SAS score (41.26±5.38) and SDS score (40.15±5.12) of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group [(4.68±1.05), (52.37±6.45), (53.62±6.28)], and the nursing compliance rate (93.10%) was higher than that of the control group (72.41%). All differences were statistically significant (t=9.876, 6.892, 8.765; χ²=5.491; all P<0.001).
Conclusion   Pain nursing based on the IKAP model can effectively reduce the pain degree, improve the psychological status and enhance the nursing compliance of patients with multiple myeloma, which is worthy of clinical promotion.