Gestational diabetes ellitus: management during pregnancy and analysis of pregnancy outcomes
妊娠期糖尿病孕期管理及妊娠结局分析

摘要

目的 探讨孕期规范化管理对妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者血糖控制及妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2022年1月—2023年12月本院收治的90例GDM患者作为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为对照组（45例）和观察组（45例）。对照组实施常规门诊管理，观察组实施孕期规范化管理。比较两组血糖指标（空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖）、母婴并发症发生率及新生儿结局。结果 管理前，两组血糖指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；管理后，观察组空腹血糖（6.12±0.86）mmol/L、餐后2h血糖（8.05±1.14）mmol/L均低于对照组（7.58±1.20）mmol/L、（11.32±1.67）mmol/L（P<0.05）。观察组母婴并发症总发生率（8.89%）低于对照组（28.89%）（P<0.05）。观察组新生儿低血糖、巨大儿等不良结局发生率（6.67%）低于对照组（24.44%）（P<0.05）。结论 对GDM患者实施孕期规范化管理可有效控制血糖水平，降低母婴并发症风险，改善妊娠结局，值得在二甲医院推广应用。

Abstract

Objective To explore the impact of standardized prenatal management on blood glucose control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods A total of 90 GDM patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a control group (45 cases) and an observation group (45 cases) using a random number table. The control group received routine outpatient management, while the observation group received standardized prenatal management. The blood glucose indicators (fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose), maternal and neonatal complication rates, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results Before management, there was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After management, the fasting blood glucose (6.12 ± 0.86 mmol/L) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (8.05 ± 1.14 mmol/L) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (7.58 ± 1.20 mmol/L, 11.32 ± 1.67 mmol/L, respectively) (P < 0.05). The overall maternal and neonatal complication rate in the observation group (8.89%) was lower than that in the control group (28.89%) (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse outcomes such as neonatal hypoglycemia and macrosomia in the observation group (6.67%) was lower than that in the control group (24.44%) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Standardized prenatal management for GDM patients can effectively control blood glucose levels, reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal complications, and improve pregnancy outcomes, making it worthy of promotion and application in secondary hospitals.