Analysis of the application effect and safety of emergency interventional therapy for hemoptysis
咯血急诊介入治疗的应用效果及安全性分析

摘要

目的 探讨支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）作为咯血急诊介入治疗方法的临床效果及安全性，为基层三甲医院急诊处理咯血提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2024年12月我院急诊收治的200例咯血患者的临床资料，均行急诊介入治疗（支气管动脉栓塞术），根据咯血病因分为支气管扩张组（86例）、肺结核组（58例）、肺癌组（42例）、其他病因组（14例）。对比各组治疗成功率、止血时间、住院天数及相关并发症发生情况，评估治疗效果及安全性。结果 200例患者中，即时止血成功192例（96.00%），治疗总有效率为98.00%（196/200）；各组即时止血成功率、总有效率之间并无显著差异（P＞0.05）。肺癌组止血时间及住院天数较支气管扩张组、肺结核组及其他病因组明显更长（P<0.05）；支气管扩张组、肺结核组和其他病因组止血时间及住院天数比较均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。并发症发生率为3.00%(6/200），主要为胸痛/肋间痛、股动脉穿刺点血肿、一过性吞咽困难和造影剂相关肾功能轻度损伤，均为轻微且可逆的，无脊髓损伤、意外栓塞等严重并发症发生。结论 对于三甲医院而言，急诊BAE是治疗急性咯血的一种高效、微创且安全的治疗方法，即时止血率高，并发症发生率低，具有显著的临床应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in the emergency treatment of hemoptysis.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 200 emergency patients with hemoptysis who underwent BAE treatment in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2024. The therapeutic effects were compared by grouping according to the causes.
Results The success rate of immediate hemostasis for patients was 96.00% (192/200), and the total effective rate was 98.00% (196/200). There was no significant difference in the success rate of hemostasis among all groups (P>0.05). The hemostasis time and hospital stay in the lung cancer group were significantly longer than those in the other etiological groups (P<0.05). The overall complication rate was 3.00% (6/200), all of which were mild reversible reactions with no serious complications.
Conclusion   Emergency BAE is an efficient and safe minimally invasive method for the treatment of acute hemoptysis, with significant clinical value.