Efficacy of postural nursing combined with elastic stockings in preventing postoperative venous thrombosis in lower extremity varicose veins
体位护理联合弹力袜在预防下肢静脉曲张术后静脉血栓的效果研究

摘要

目的 探讨体位护理联合弹力袜对下肢静脉曲张术后静脉血栓形成的预防效果，分析其对术后静脉血流动力学及凝血功能的影响，为术后护理干预提供循证依据。方法 选取2023年6月至2024年6月于某三级综合医院血管外科接受下肢静脉曲张手术的患者84例，随机分为对照组与干预组，各42例。两组均接受常规术后护理及抗凝治疗。干预组在此基础上实施体位护理联合弹力袜干预。结果 干预组患者术后D-二聚体水平（1.12±0.35 mg/L）明显低于对照组（1.85±0.46 mg/L），小腿周径差（1.46±0.41 cm）较对照组（2.38±0.52 cm）显著减小，静脉血流速度（18.27±2.36 cm/s）高于对照组（13.42±2.11 cm/s），差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。干预组深静脉血栓发生率为2.38%，低于对照组的14.29%；并发症总发生率为4.76%，显著低于对照组的26.19%（P＜0.05）。结论 体位护理联合弹力袜干预能够有效改善术后下肢血液动力学，显著减少下肢静脉曲张术后深静脉血栓形成风险，具有安全性高及推广价值高等优势，为下肢静脉曲张术后防栓护理提供科学依据。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of postural nursing combined with elastic stockings on postoperative venous thrombosis in lower extremity varicose veins, and to analyze its influence on postoperative venous hemodynamics and coagulation function, providing evidence-based basis for postoperative nursing intervention.
Methods Eighty-four patients who underwent lower extremity varicose vein surgery in the vascular surgery department of a tertiary general hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group, with 42 patients in each group. Both groups received routine postoperative nursing and anticoagulation therapy. The intervention group received postural nursing combined with elastic stockings in addition to routine postoperative nursing.
Results Postoperative D-dimer levels in the intervention group (1.12±0.35 mg/L) were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.85±0.46 mg/L), the difference in calf circumference (1.46±0.41 cm) was significantly smaller in the intervention group than in the control group (2.38±0.52 cm), and venous blood flow velocity (18.27±2.36 cm/s) was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (13.42±2.11 cm/s), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the intervention group was 2.38%, lower than 14.29% in the control group; the total complication rate was 4.76%, significantly lower than 26.19% in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Postural care combined with elastic stocking intervention can effectively improve postoperative lower limb hemodynamics and significantly reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis after varicose vein surgery. It has advantages such as high safety and high promotion value, providing a scientific basis for postoperative thrombotic care in lower limb varicose vein surgery.