摘要
离心技术是利用离心力将血液中各种组分快速、高效地分离出来的一种重要方法，在医学检验中占有重要地位。本文对常规离心法、差速离心法、密度梯度离心法、分析性超速离心法等几种方法进行了论述。常规离心法具有操作简便、适于亚细胞结构分离的优点；差速离心法是利用离心速度的不同而达到多级分离的目的；对于密度相差很小的颗粒，可采用密度梯度离心法进行分离；分析超速离心法为生物大分子沉降特性及结构分析提供了可靠的数据支持。同时，对离心管的工作原理及使用中应注意的问题进行了探讨，指出正确应用离心技术对提高实验结果的准确性具有重要意义。
关键词： 医学检验试管；离心方法；探索；离心技术
Abstract
Centrifugation technology is an important method to separate various components in the blood quickly and efficiently by using centrifugal force, which plays an important role in medical examination. Several methods such as conventional centrifugation, differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and analytical overspeed centrifugation are discussed in detail. The conventional centrifugation has the advantages of easy operation and suitable for subcellular structure separation; differential centrifugation is to achieve the purpose of multistage separation using different centrifugal speeds; density gradient centrifugation; the overspeed centrifugation provides reliable data support for settling characteristics and structural analysis of biological macromolecules. At the same time, the working principle of the centrifugal tube should be discussed in its use, and it points out that the correct application of centrifugal technology is of great significance to improve the accuracy of the experimental results.
Key words： Medical test tube; Centrifugal method; Exploration; Centrifugal technique
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