A Study on Child Healthcare System in Regional Medical System in Japan
日本地域医疗体系中的儿科保障制度研究

摘要

在少子化不断深入的社会背景下，日本以成熟的医疗保障制度作为支撑，实现了其作为东亚地区医疗强国的特色发展。本课题以“日本地域医疗体系中的儿科保障制度”作为研究对象，探究该制度的特色及优势所在，与此同时提出现行模式中仍存在的问题，研究结论如下：日本社区中的儿科保障体系是伴随少子老龄化和地域医疗的逐渐成熟而发展起来的；促成儿科保障体系的多重因素中，政府育儿政策的支持、专业医护人员的培养以及小儿医疗圈的建设起到了至关重要的作用；当前保障体系中“医疗必要儿”数量显著增加、儿童居家医疗相关政策亟待完善、儿科专业医护人员紧缺、医疗资源时空地域不均等问题逐渐突显；针对上述问题，必须强调以保障医师待遇与职业生涯培训为基础的多学科、多领域相互合作与职能分化。与此同时，确立患儿及其家庭在医疗活动中的主体地位，以期在有限的医疗资源中实现医患良性沟通。

Abstract

In the background of an aging and shrinking population, Japan has achieved its unique development as a medical powerhouse in East Asia by relying on a mature medical insurance system. This study, focusing on the pediatric healthcare system in the regional medical system of Japan, explores the unique features and advantages of the system, while also identifying current issues. The conclusions are as follows: The pediatric healthcare system in Japanese communities has developed alongside the aging and shrinking population and the gradual maturity of regional medical care; Among the multiple factors that have contributed to the pediatric healthcare system, government childcare policies, the training of professional medical personnel, and the construction of the pediatric medical community have played a crucial role; To address these issues, it is essential to emphasize multidisciplinary and multi-sector collaboration and functional differentiation, with a focus on ensuring the welfare of medical staff and their career development. At the same time, establishing the primary role of children and their families in medical activities is aimed at achieving a positive communication between patients and healthcare providers within limited medical resources.