Anticipatory care strategies for peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: a systematic review
腹膜透析患者腹膜炎的预见性护理策略：一项系统综述

摘要

腹膜透析作为终末期肾病患者的一种常见治疗方式，尽管能够有效提升患者的生活质量，但腹膜炎的发生仍是其主要并发症之一，严重影响患者的预后和生活。本文从国内腹膜透析患者腹膜炎预见性护理的研究现状出发，对预见性护理的基本概念进行了界定，并探讨了其在降低腹膜炎发生率、提升护理满意度和增强患者自我管理能力方面的重要性。研究指出，腹膜透析患者的腹膜炎并发症包括腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎、导管隧道及皮肤出口感染、腹膜透析机械并发症、腹膜透析消化系统并发症和腹膜透析代谢并发症等。通过风险评估方法、风险因素分析、早期警示信号识别及应急管理措施的实施，可以有效预防腹膜炎的发生。在临床实践中，预见性护理的推广被认为是提高腹膜透析患者整体护理效果的关键。预见性护理模式在临床护理实践中的运用现状表明，该模式在提高医护配合质量、赢得病人抢救时间、预防意外和并发症发生方面已被广泛证实。此外，延续性护理也被证实能够提高连续腹膜透析护理效果。最后，建议在临床护理中推广预见性护理，通过实施预见性护理，可以降低腹膜炎的发生率，提升护理满意度，并增强患者的自我管理能力。同时，建议医疗机构加强对腹膜透析患者的长期护理和监测，以及提供专业和专科的护理服务，帮助患者更好地恢复健康。

Abstract

Peritoneal dialysis, as a common treatment modality for patients with end-stage renal disease, although it can effectively improve patients' quality of life, the occurrence of peritonitis is still one of the major complications, which seriously affects patients' prognosis and life. Starting from the current research status of peritonitis anticipatory care for peritoneal dialysis patients in China, this paper defines the basic concept of anticipatory care and discusses its importance in reducing the incidence of peritonitis, improving nursing satisfaction and enhancing patients' self-management ability. The study pointed out that peritonitis complications in peritoneal dialysis patients include peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, catheter tunnel and skin outlet infections, peritoneal dialysis mechanical complications, peritoneal dialysis digestive system complications and peritoneal dialysis metabolic complications. Peritonitis can be effectively prevented through the implementation of risk assessment methods, risk factor analysis, early warning signal identification and emergency management measures. In clinical practice, the promotion of anticipatory care is considered to be the key to improving the overall nursing outcomes of peritoneal dialysis patients. The current status of the use of anticipatory care model in clinical nursing practice has shown that the model has been widely proven to improve the quality of healthcare coordination, gain time for patient resuscitation, and prevent the occurrence of accidents and complications. In addition, continuity of care has also been shown to improve the effectiveness of continuous peritoneal dialysis care. Finally, it is recommended that anticipatory care be promoted in clinical care, through the implementation of which the incidence of peritonitis can be reduced, nursing satisfaction can be improved, and patients' self-management ability can be enhanced. At the same time, it is recommended that medical institutions strengthen long-term care and monitoring of peritoneal dialysis patients, as well as provide professional and specialized nursing services to help patients better recover their health.