Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification techniquein blood screening of unpaid blood donors
酶联免疫吸附试验、核酸扩增技术检测在无偿献血者血液筛查中的应用

摘要

目的 分析酶联免疫吸附试验、核酸扩增技术检测在无偿献血者血液筛查中应用效果。方法 挑选2022年5月-2023年5月在血站进行无偿献血人员共计500例，设为本次研究对象。所有对象均开展酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）试验检测，对血液样本中是否有抗-HIV（人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体）、抗-HCV（丙型肝炎抗体）、HBsAg（乙型肝炎表面抗原）进行筛查，然后对筛查合格样本进行进一步核酸扩增技术（NAT）检测，最终观察对象的血液筛查指标情况。结果 500例无偿献血者中，ELISA血清学检测中献血合格者495例、占比99.00%，不合格5例、占比1.00%；而在联合NAT检测技术后，500例无偿献血者中发现献血合格者490例，占比98.00%，不合格10例、占比2.00%。而在490例对象NAT检测下发现HBV-DNA（乙肝病毒基因）阳性3例，占比0.61%。在490例献血样本合格者中，不同性别的HBV-DNA阳性结果检出率相近，无差异统计意义P＞0.05。结论 无偿献血者的血液筛查中ELISA、NAT检测应用可灵敏检出感染性指标，保障病人输血安全。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the application effect of ELISA and nucleic acid amplification technology in blood screening of unpaid blood donors.
Methods A total of 500 unpaid blood donors from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the subjects of this study. All subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen the blood samples for anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus antibody), anti-HCV (hepatitis C antibody), HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen), and then the qualified samples were further tested by nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT). The blood screening indexes of the subjects were finally observed.
Results Among the 500 unpaid blood donors, there were 495 qualified blood donors, accounting for 99.00%, and 5 unqualified blood donors, accounting for 1.00%. After the combination of NAT detection technology, 490 of the 500 unpaid blood donors were found to be qualified, accounting for 98.00%, and 10 were unqualified, accounting for 2.00%. Among 490 subjects, 3 cases (0.61%) of HBV-DNA (Hepatitis B virus gene) were found positive by NAT test. Among 490 qualified blood donors, the positive rates of HBV-DNA were similar in different genders, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05).
Conclusion   The application of ELISA and NAT in blood screening of unpaid blood donors can sensitively detect infectious indicators and ensure the safety of blood transfusion.