Study on clinical comorbidities among overweight and obese people undergoing physical examination
超重肥胖体检人群临床合并症研究

摘要

目的 研究超重与肥胖人群合并临床病症的差异。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月到5月在宁波大学附属第一医院进行健康体检的所有体重指数≥24kg/m2的人群，年龄18-92岁，其中女性472例，占28.43%，男性1188例，占71.57%，分为超重和肥胖两组进行比较，研究超重与肥胖两组人群临床合并症、并发症的差异。结果 ①超重、肥胖总人数1660例，其中男性占71.57%，女性28.43%，运用χ2检验对两组不同性别的发生率进行比较发现，以男性肥胖的发生概率最高（P=0.040）；年龄以51-60岁组肥胖者占比最高（P=0.000）；企业单位的男性发生肥胖的概率大于其他职业（P =0.000）；②运用Pearson相关分析发现：体重指数与年龄、血压、血糖、尿酸、甘油三酯、同型半胱氨酸值正相关，体重指数越高，各项检验检测值异常度越大，相关系数具有统计学意义（P <0.05）；运用χ2检验对超重、肥胖两组人群的临床合并症、并发症的发生率进行比较发现：肥胖者合并有脂肪肝、高血压、高血糖、高尿酸血症、颈动脉斑块形成、肺结节的比率均高于超重组，差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）；肥胖组甘油三酯、同型半胱氨酸增高的比率高于超重组，差异具有非常显著统计学意义（P =0.000），两组低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、淀粉样蛋白比较，差异无统计学意义。结论 肥胖者比超重者并发更多临床合并症，如代谢综合征（包括高血脂、高血压、高血糖、高尿酸血症等）、动脉粥样硬化性疾病以及随之而来的心脑血管疾病等，可直接导致明显的生活质量下降，故应积极阻止从超重向肥胖进展。建议尽早运用多学科协作，从认知、行为、心理等方面对超重肥胖患者进行精细化、个体化的综合干预以达到科学有效减重的目的。

Abstract

Objective To study the differences in clinical symptoms between overweight and obese people.
Methods Retrospective analysis of all people with BMI ≥ 24kg/m2 who underwent physical examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University from January to May 2022, aged 18-92 years old, including 472 females (28.43%), and 1188 males( 71.57%), were divided into overweight and obese groups for comparison, and the differences in clinical comorbidities and complications between overweight and obese people were studied.
Results 1. There were 1,660 cases of overweight and obesity, of which 71.57% were males and 28.43% were females. Using the χ2 test to compare the incidence rates of different genders in the two groups, it was found that males had the highest incidence rate of obesity (P=0.040); The age group of 51-60 years old has the highest proportion of obese people (P=0.000); the probability of obesity among men in corporate units is greater than that in other occupations (P=0.000); 2. By using Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that BMI is related to age, blood pressure, Blood sugar, uric acid, triglyceride, and homocysteine values are positively correlated. The higher the BMI, the greater the abnormality of each test value, and the correlation coefficient is statistically significant (P <0.05); the χ2 test is used to analyze overweight and obese people, Comparing the clinical comorbidities and incidence rates of complications between the two groups, it was found that obese people had higher rates of fatty liver, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, carotid artery plaque formation, and pulmonary nodules than In the overweight group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); in the obese group, the increased rates of triglycerides and homocysteine were higher than those in the overweight group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P =0.000).
Conclusion  : Obese people have more clinical complications than overweight people, such as metabolic syndrome, atherosclerotic diseases, and subsequent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Vascular diseases, etc., can directly lead to a significant decrease in quality of life, so the progression from overweight to obesity should be actively prevented. It is recommended to use multidisciplinary collaboration as early as possible to conduct refined and individualized comprehensive intervention for overweight and obese patients from cognitive, behavioral, psychological and other aspects to achieve scientific and effective weight loss.